Journal: The Journal of Physiology

Article Title: Protein-energy malnutrition during early gestation in sheep blunts fetal renal vascular and nephron development and compromises adult renal function

doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.220186

Figure Lengend Snippet: Data are means + SEM: for ewes; control protein (CP, n = 8), low protein early (LPE, days 0–65 gestation, n = 10) and low protein late (LPL, days 65 to term, n = 10) and for offspring; CP, 4 males and 4 females; LPE, 4 males and 6 females; LPL and 5 males and 5 females. Data were analysed by General Linear Model for the fixed effects of treatment and time (maternal data) plus gender (offspring data) with testing for suitable interactions (Genstat v13, VSNi, UK). Maternal weight and body condition were recorded at intervals before and during gestation and birth weight within 12 h of birth. BW, birth weight; dGA, days gestation. In A and B , errors bars on the two symbols indicate variation associated with time (open) and treatment (filled), respectively.

Article Snippet: All data were analysed using a General Linear Model (GLM) or general linear mixed model approach where appropriate (Genstat v13, VSNi, UK) after checking for normality (or otherwise) of the error distribution.

Techniques: Control